Who Google targeting for its Chrome OS users

Google isn’t telling me any secrets about its plans for Chrome OS. Indeed, I’m not even one of the 60,000 or so people that Google has given a Cr-48 Chromebook prototype to play with. Even so, unlike my good friend Mary Jo Foley, I think I know exactly who Google has in mind for its Chrome OS Linux desktop system.

I see Google as targeting two different, very different, audiences with Chrome OS. The first group are office workers. The other is those hundreds of millions, perhaps a billion plus, users who really don’t know the first thing about to use a computer safely even as they use them every day.

In this set-up, a company would pay Google a fee, just as some do now for Google Apps for Business. In return, the company gets the 21st century version of a thin-client desktop.

This is an idea that goes all the way back to terminals to mainframe computers. While PCs put this idea into a niche market for decades now, some CIOs and administrators still yearn for it. The reasons for this are quite simple: It puts IT back in charge of the office desktop.

The security is set-up from a central control, the management decides what applications users will run and so on. This idea comes back over and over and… well you get the idea. If you’ve been in IT for a while, you’ve seen this notion from Oracle as network computers; and from who knows how many vendors as the diskless workstation or as thin-clients.

In the past, it’s never taken off for several reasons. From an IT standpoint, one of the big problems has always been that the server proved to be a single point-of-failure. Google will try to get around this by using its cloud services in place of a server.

Users, of course, given a choice between a PC, where they get to set up the wall-paper just so, add their favorite application and a smart-terminal where they have no control over the system always went for PCs. Chrome OS will give users more control over their environment than some earlier thin-client approaches. Whether that will be enough to make users happy is another matter.

The other audience is Jason Perlow’s grandpa. There are hundreds of millions of users just like him and not all of them are old. They have no more clue about to use a computer safely than I know how to land a 747.

If you read ZDNet regularly, you may not realize just how many people there are like that who think that their computer is a magic box. Forget about knowing the difference between Windows and Linux, they can’t tell the difference between the Web browser and the operating system. That’s where Google Chrome OS comes in.

With Chrome OS the operating system and the browser really are one. If they can use a Web browser, and almost anyone can do that these days, they’ll be able to use Chrome OS.

More to the point, as Perlow pointed out, Chrome OS is “totally maintenance free, all the apps and the data are cloud driven, and you can’t break the OS even if you try.” Well actually you can but it’s beyond the ability of most tech illiterates. Chrome OS also uses a sandbox security system that goes a long way towards making sure that no matter what an idiot user clicks on he or she can’t install malware or otherwise get into trouble.

Put it all together and you have a Linux-based operating system that’s ideal for either office-workers or people who need a computer but don’t know the first thing about how to use one safely. Is that you? Probably not. It’s certainly not me. But, it does describe hundreds-of-millions of users. For them, Chrome may be all the operating system they’ll ever need.

The Three Differences between Chrome OS and Android

On December 7th, Google is expected to announce the release of a laptop with the first version of the Chrome operating system. Concurrently, Google is going great guns with Android. Does Google really need two operating systems? So what’s going on here?

Here’s what Google is up to. Yes, both Android and Chrome OS are Linux-based operating systems. Neither, at the application level, uses the common Linux desktop application programming interfaces (API) that are used by the GNOME or KDE desktops and their applications.

They’re also similar in that both use a common set of techniques to make them more secure. The most important of these is process sand-boxing. What this means is that any Chrome or Android application has just enough access to the system to do its job.

Once you’re past this, the two look and act in very different ways. Here are their main points of difference:

1) Android is for Phones & Tablets; Chrome OS is for Netbooks

Google said at the start that “Google Chrome OS is being created for people who spend most of their time on the Web, and is being designed to power computers ranging from small netbooks to full-size desktop systems.” Google hasn’t always been on message with this.

Google also took its time getting even a Chrome beta out the door. Now that Chrome OS is about to be unveiled, we know that it is going to be Google’s “desktop” operating system, while Android is for smart phones and tablets.

The Android interface is designed foremost for touch. Google Chrome OS looks and acts just like the Chrome Web browser.

2) Chrome OS won’t run Linux desktop or Android Apps

I use quotes around “desktop” with good reason. While Chrome OS will be used like a desktop operating system, it’s not a traditional fat-client desktop like Windows or even a Linux desktop such as Mint. Instead, all of its “applications” will be cloud-based. To see what I mean, just look at the Chrome browser and Google Apps. You’re looking at a sketch of the Google Chrome OS.

There will be just enough Linux in Chrome OS–thanks, in part, to Ubuntu– to support the browser and Web-based applications. You will also likely be able to run some traditional desktop applicationsusing a remote-client computing technology called “Chromoting.”

As for Android applications, where all the applications are Java-based and depend on Dalvik, I don’t see any way that those applications will run on Chrome OS.

3) Chrome OS Constantly Updated

Like the Chrome browser, you can expect Chrome OS to be patched and improved constantly. This instead of being patched to fix problems or having features added in service packs, Chrome OS, for better or worse, will continually evolve. With Chrome OS, there won’t be any wait for different versions a la Android 2.3 Gingerbread.

Still having trouble visualizing it? Well, don’t worry too much. Within the next few days, we’ll have the opportunity to see Chrome OS and see how it differs from Android and other desktop operating systems.

Google Linux-based Chrome OS

Sure, unlike me, you’re probably not reading this on a Linux desktop–Mint 10 for those who care about such things–but do you use Google, Facebook or Twitter? If so, you’re using Linux. That Android phone in your pocket? Linux. DVRs, network attached storage (NAS), trade stocks? Linux, Linux, Linux.

I think one of the most telling stories about Linux this year came from a friend of mine, Joe “Zonker” Brockmeier, who told me of a friend who said “Linux was too hard.” When Zonker asked him about his Android phone, he replied something like, “Oh, but Android is easy. It’s not Linux!”

Oh my. Android is indeed Linux, as is so many other devices and Web services and sites. Open-source developers have just gotten very good at hiding the dirty technical details from you. It just took them a lot longer than it did for the Mac OS X designers to hide its Mach, OpenBSD, and FreeBSD Unix roots from users. In the last few years though, they finally got the hang of it.

We’re going to see this trend grow only stronger in 2011 with the rise of Google’s Linux-based Chrome OS. That’s why Chrome OS is my first big story of 2010.

Chrome OS Finally Arrives

Google took its own sweet time about getting Chrome OS out the door, but Chrome OS is finally, sort of, here. Is Chrome OS, with all its applications based on the Web, for people like you, who read ZDNet, or me, who cut his Unix/Linux teeth on Version 7? No, of course not. But, would it make a great operating system for office-workers, non-tech savvy people, and students. Yes, yes it would. I predict that, by early 2012, Chrome OS, while not a traditional, fat-client desktop operating system, will become a major desktop contender.

Super-Duper Linux Computers

Everyone who follows super-computers knows that they run on Linux. Just one look at the latest Top 500 SuperComputer list confirms that. Today 91.8% of all super-computers run Linux. Alas, if you look at the latest list, you’ll also see that the U.S. now trails China in the super-computers. IBM’s new CMOS Integrated Silicon Nanophotonics chips, though, should soon put the U.S. back in the lead.

Today the fastest of the fast computers is the Tianhe-1A Running full-out, it hits a peak performance of 2.57 petaflop/s (quadrillions of calculations per second).and cruises along at 563.1 teraflops. To do this, it uses 14,336 Intel Xeon CPUs and 7,168 NVIDIA Tesla GPUs and Linux.

That’s impressive. The Tianhe-1A easily races past the Cray XT5 “Jaguar” system at the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility in Tennessee. That Cray XTS super-computer is now ranked in second place at 1.75 petaflop/s.

Don’t start weeping for the decline of American technology prowess yet, though. IBM’s new addition to its POWER7 chipset uses Silicon Integrated Nanophotonics to reach new heights in processor speed. In these chips, light instead of electronics is used for its input/output (I/O )interconnects.. This makes it possible to build faster–much faster–super-computers, and eventually servers and PCs.

The first fruit of this breakthrough in chip design is going into Blue Waters, a joint effort of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign’s National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), IBM, and the Great Lakes Consortium for Petascale Computation (http://www.greatlakesconsortium.org/). This computer, to quote a friend of mine who works at IBM and was feeling his oats, will “make the Chinese monster look like a digital watch by comparison.”

I don’t know if will be that fast, but it will be a lot faster. It’s expected that Blue Waters will have a peak speed of 10 Petaflops/s, about four times faster than Tianhe-1A. The Chinese, to be sure, won’t resting on their laurels. They’ll also be working on ever-faster computers.

This new light-based computing, still in its infancy, has potential to reach Exabyte levels of computing by decade’s end. Exabyte? That’s about 100 times faster than Blue Waters will run in 2011. My buddy, Jason Perlow, talks about what that means in his story, Exaflop computing: Moore’s Law isn’t dead, It’s Moved to Warp Speed.

While the core technology is new, the operating system isn’t. Blue Waters designers have already decided that Linux is what the super-duper computer Blue Waters will need. As Blue Waters’ deputy project director, William Kramer, explained in the press release: “We looked at the features that will be part of each OS in 2011, not just the features available today.”

AIX, IBM’s house brand of Unix, was also considered, and while “We determined that either OS could ably meet the requirements for Blue Waters and serve the science and engineering research community,” Kramer said, “Linux offered some additional advantages, such as being somewhat more familiar to the research community and offering the potential for NCSA to more directly participate in enhancing the OS.”

Although the fundamental technology is ready to go, there is one problem. As Peter Beckman, recently named director of the newly created Exascale Technology and Computing Institute, said in an interview recently, “We [the U.S.] are not producing enough high-quality science and technology Ph.D. students. When we open up a post-doc position for an expert in this particular computer science field, we have to look hard to find people. There is not an overflow of these people, it’s a thin group.”

That’s a serious worry. While we have an operating system, Linux, that works well for super-computing, we still need advanced system designers and programmers to put the operating system and the hardware to its most effective use, Here’s hoping we find them.

Linux rules the Clouds

Color me surprised. I knew that Linux, while still only a niche player on the desktop, was continuing to do well on the server and was doing even better than ever on the cloud. What I hadn’t realized was just how much better Linux, and in particular, Canonical’s Ubuntu, was doing on in the market place.

Before I’d seen The Cloud Market’s analysis of operating systems on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), off the cuff I would have guessed the leading operating system on the top cloud platform would have been Red Hat and its close relatives, CentOS, Oracle Enterprise Linux, and Fedora. Boy was I wrong.

Today, December 20th, Ubuntu is running 4,840 instances on EC2, followed by CentOS, with 1,250, Fedora with 313; Oracle with 80; and Red Hat with a mere 73 instances. That’s a grand total of 1,716 for the Red Hat family, which means that Ubuntu is doing more than twice as well as all the Red Hat variants put together.

Windows and Azure?  They’re back in the back with a mere 1,120 instances.

Wow. I didn’t see this coming. Of course, I knew that Canonical had been trying hard to become the number one Linux cloud company. I should. I broke the story that Ubuntu was going to try for the cloud brass ring back in 2009 with the help of Eucalyptus Systems, an open-source cloud infrastructure firm.

The result of that partnership explains a lot to me why Red Hat just partnered with Eucalyptus for its own clouds projects. Earlier this month, Red Hat acquired Makara, a start-up focused on providing a cloud platform for Java and PHP applications on both public and private clouds.

Red Hat has some ground to make up. Not only was in last place in the Red Hat family, Every Linux fan’s favorite head-gear was also trailing Debian, with its 251 instances; SUSE Linux with 244, and-oh no!–even OpenSolaris is ahead with 80 instances.

Still, it’s clear that Amazon’s cloud is a Linux world. I find it telling that Amazon recently introduced its own Linux starter cloud using, guess what, “Ubuntu’s CloudInit to simplify the process of customizing each instance. On the other hand, it appears to be, at heart, CentOS, so Ubuntu isn’t having all its own way.

Of course, Amazon Web Services isn’t the be-all and end-all of public clouds. Rackspace, which is leading the open-source OpenStack movement, is also a player. But, as Stephen O’Grady, one of the founders of RedMonk, a leading research firm, pointed out recently, Amazon Web Services (AWS) “is to the public cloud market what Microsoft is to operating systems or VMware to virtualization.”

O’Grady concluded that “The fact is that Amazon, by hiding in plain sight, is building an impressive array of weapons with which they can attack a variety of customer and market types. In spite of this, they have attracted minimal attention.” I might add that Ubuntu is doing the same as the operating system of choice, not merely the Linux of choice, for the cloud.

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